Part 1: The Promise Was to “All That Are Afar Off” - Acts 2:38-39
Scripture (KJV)
Acts 2:38-39
38. Then Peter said unto them, Repent, and be baptized every one of you in the name of Jesus Christ for the remission of sins, and ye shall receive the gift of the Holy Ghost.
39. For the promise is unto you, and to your children, and to all that are afar off, even as many as the Lord our God shall call.
Note: Spirit baptism is not the same as indwelling, sealing, or miraculous signs.
It is the Spirit placing believers into union with Christ at the moment of faith (cf. 1 Cor 12:13).
This happens to all believers today regardless of time or location.
CoC Reponse: Acts 2:39 - "the promise ended in the first century with the apostles":
Question: Why does Peter say it's for “all that are afar off...even as many as the Lord our God shall call”?
That’s not a time-locked phrase. That’s an open-ended, ongoing promise.
If calling is still happening, so is the promise.
Undeniable Refutation of CoC Cessationism
Key Phrase: “All that are afar off”
The Church of Christ claims the baptism with the Holy Spirit was:
• Only for the apostles
• Or limited to the early church age
But Peter, inspired by the Holy Spirit, broadens the scope explicitly and eternally:
| Recipient | Meaning |
|---|---|
| “To you” | Jewish audience listening to Peter (first-generation Jews) |
| “To your children” | The next generation of Jews |
| “To all that are afar off” | Gentiles and future generations — not just geographically distant |
| “Even as many as the Lord our God shall call” | A sweeping, unrestricted, and continuing promise |
Greek Insight:
“Afar Off” (μακράν - makran)
The Greek word makran never limits itself to “diaspora Jews.”
It’s used of Gentiles (Ephesians 2:13), exiles (Daniel 9:7 LXX), and spiritual distance across time.
This crushes the claim that Acts 2:39 refers only to Jews.
Definition: Makran refers to a great distance in time or space.
CoC Claim: Afar off means diaspora Jews only:
Refrute: Ephesians 2:13–17 directly refutes this:
Ephesians 2:13 “Ye who sometimes were far off are made nigh by the blood of Christ.”
Paul uses makran to refer to Gentiles, not Jews.
This interpretation is airtight.
Daniel 9:7 (LXX) Refers to exiles scattered in distant nations.
Conclusion: “Afar off” cannot mean just Jews alive in the first century it includes future generations and distant nations including us today.
CoC Claim:
“The Promise Ended in the First Century. No one can be baptized by the Holy Spirt today.
Peter includes a timeless qualifier: “Even as many as the Lord our God shall call”
Why this crushes Hyper cessationist theology:
Romans 8:30 - Those whom God calls, He justifies.
2 Thessalonians 2:14 - We are called by the gospel, not by proximity to apostles.
John 6:44 - The Father still draws today, therefore the promise is still active.
(Spirit baptism must be ongoing if the calling is ongoing):
If God's calling continues today (which it does), then so does the Spirit baptism promised in Acts 2:39.
There is no textual indication of cessation. In fact, Acts 10:44–47 and 11:15-16 show Gentiles receiving the Spirit baptism just like at Pentecost.
The Gift of the Holy Ghost Still Applies Today - It’s Not Just “Sealing”
Comparison Table: CoC Claim vs. Acts 2:39
| Church of Christ Claim | What Acts 2:39 Actually Says |
|---|---|
| Holy Spirit baptism was only for the apostles | “The promise is to all God will call” — universal, not limited |
| It ceased in the first century | “To your children... afar off... as many as the Lord shall call” — spans generations |
| Spirit baptism is not needed for salvation today | “Ye shall receive the gift of the Holy Ghost” — essential blessing tied to remission of sins |
| The Spirit only “seals” believers now | The book of Acts shows power, tongues, transformation — not just symbolic sealing |
Greek Word Study: “Gift” (δῶρον – dōron) in Acts 2:38
Used for supernatural endowment not just legal or symbolic terms.
(dōron = supernatural, not passive):
The “gift” in Acts 2:38 is the same gift poured out with tongues and power in Acts 10:45.
It is never described as a mere inward sealing, but a dynamic, external, Spirit-driven event.
Acts 8:20 - Simon tried to buy the gift of God (Spirit’s power)
Acts 10:45 - “The gift of the Holy Ghost was poured out on the Gentiles also”
Conclusion: This is not just sealing it is visible, empowering work of the Spirit.
Summary Chart
| False CoC Claim | Scriptural Truth |
|---|---|
| Spirit baptism happened only twice | Acts 2:39 — The promise is for all generations who are called |
| The Holy Spirit only seals today | Acts 10:44–46, Acts 19:6 — Spirit baptism includes supernatural empowerment |
| Tongues and prophecy have ceased | 1 Corinthians 14:5 — Paul wished all spoke with tongues; no cessation stated |
| “Afar off” = Jews in foreign lands only | Ephesians 2:13 — Greek makran proves it means distant in time and space |
| Spirit baptism ended with apostles | “As many as the Lord shall call” — ongoing promise to all believers |
Theological Recap: Why This Refutes the Church of Christ
The Spirit is given to every believer - not just the Twelve.
Acts 2:39 matches the New Testament’s worldwide, lifelong mission.
The Spirit transforms, empowers, convicts, teaches, and comforts - not merely seals.
Devastating Questions for CoC Doctrinal Claims:
• If only the apostles received the Spirit, why does Acts 10 and 19 show others?
• If the Spirit only seals now, why does Paul teach supernatural gifts in 1 Cor 12–14?
• If the promise ended, why does Acts 2:39 use unrestricted, ongoing language?
Acts 11:15-17 Peter testifies that the Holy Ghost fell on Cornelius and his household “as on us at the beginning,” proving that Spirit baptism was not a one-time event at Pentecost.
It was repeated and extended to Gentiles, with no apostle laying hands or administering it.
Part 1 Conclusion:
• CoC fails to grasp the full meaning of “gift” — it includes power and transformation.
• “Afar off” includes us today — not just Jews in foreign lands.
• The Holy Spirit’s indwelling is more than a seal — it is an active, supernatural presence.
• The promise in Acts 2:39 remains in effect for all who believe - until the Lord returns.
Clarifying Spirit Baptism: What It Is and What It’s Not,
Spirit baptism refers to the Holy Spirit placing a believer into spiritual union with Christ and the body of Christ at the moment of saving faith.
This happens once for all at conversion, without human mediation.
Scriptural Definition:
1 Corinthians 12:13 (KJV) — “For by one Spirit are we all baptized into one body... and have been all made to drink into one Spirit.”
*Agent: The Holy Spirit
*Action: Immersion into Christ, not into water
*Effect: Salvation, adoption, and union with the Church (Christ’s body)
*It is not:
*The same as water baptism (which is physical and symbolic)
*The same as sealing (which happens after belief and is a guarantee of future inheritance — Eph 1:13–14)
*Always accompanied by visible gifts (e.g., tongues) — those were confirming signs, not normative
Key Insight: Spirit baptism is spiritual, invisible, and salvific, placing the believer in Christ at the moment of faith.
Part 2: Cornelius and the Gentiles - Spirit Baptism Before Water
Acts 10:44–48 (KJV) - The Gentile Pentecost
44. While Peter yet spake these words, the Holy Ghost fell on all them which heard the word.
45. And they of the circumcision which believed were astonished… because that on the Gentiles also was poured out the gift of the Holy Ghost.
46. For they heard them speak with tongues, and magnify God. Then answered Peter,
47. Can any man forbid water, that these should not be baptized, which have received the Holy Ghost as well as we?
48. And he commanded them to be baptized in the name of the Lord.
CoC Reposnse:
Acts 10:43 clearly says: “Whosoever believeth in him shall receive remission of sins.”
That’s Peter’s gospel and it’s stated in past tense when the Spirit falls in Verse 44.
Romans 8:9 says, “If any man have not the Spirit of Christ, he is none of his.”
That means Cornelius must have belonged to Christ the moment he received the Spirit which happened before water baptism (Acts 10:44).
Therefore, he was saved before immersion.
Key Observations That Destroy Church of Christ Doctrine
1. They Received the Holy Ghost Before Water Baptism
In verse 44, the Holy Ghost fell on them while Peter was still preaching.
They had not been baptized in water, yet they received the Spirit and spoke in tongues.
CoC Claim: Water baptism is required to receive the sealing of the Spirit.
If you say you have been you are just in your feelings.
Refuted: Acts 10 shows the Spirit came first.
Note: There is no laying on of hands, no water, and no ritual, only belief in the gospel message (Acts 10:43).
The Spirit fell while Peter preached.
This proves that the Holy Ghost is received by faith before and without water, dismantling the idea that water baptism is the channel for receiving the Spirit.
2. Peter Declared It Was the Same As Acts 2
Acts 11:15–16 (KJV)
15. And as I began to speak, the Holy Ghost fell on them, as on us at the beginning.
16. Then remembered I the word of the Lord, how that he said, John indeed baptized with water; but ye shall be baptized with the Holy Ghost.
CoC Response: Peter says in Acts 11:17, "God gave them the like gift as he did unto us...who believed on the Lord Jesus Christ.”
This is not an exception - it's a repetition of the original Pentecost pattern.
Peter affirms: What happened to Cornelius was the same Spirit baptism as Pentecost not a symbolic seal, but a literal, powerful event.
If it happened again, it wasn’t a one-time sign.
Acts 11:17 - “God gave them the like gift as he did unto us”
The phrase “like gift” confirms that the experience was identical to Acts 2 not a separate or lesser event.
Greek: hōs kai hēmin (ὡς καὶ ἡμῖν) = “just as also to us” exactly the same kind of Spirit baptism.
Church of Christ says Acts 10 was a one-time exception. But Peter says in Acts 11:17, “God gave them the like gift as he did unto us, who believed.”
The gift was not different it was the same as Pentecost.
If it was the same gift, then Spirit baptism is not limited to Acts 2.
That one phrase from Peter destroys the claim that this was a special or unrepeatable case.
3. The Holy Spirit Was “Poured Out”
Acts 10:45 — “The gift of the Holy Ghost was poured out on the Gentiles also.”
This connects with:
| Reference | Language |
|---|---|
| Acts 2:17 | “I will pour out of my Spirit upon all flesh.” |
| Isaiah 44:3 | “I will pour my spirit upon thy seed…” |
The outpouring was prophetic, supernatural, and inclusive of Gentiles — not limited to Jews or apostles.
4. They Spoke with Tongues - Supernatural Transformation
Acts 10:46 -“They heard them speak with tongues, and magnify God.”
Just like Acts 2, tongues followed Spirit baptism. No apostle laid hands. God confirmed the Gentiles' salvation.
CoC teaches: Spirit is given at water baptism; tongues are not for today.
This contradicts Acts 10, where the Spirit comes before water and without apostolic mediation.
Tongues were not a human-generated sign they were divine confirmation that salvation had already occurred.
Acts 10 shows: Spirit before water, with tongues as evidence, and Gentile inclusion.
This event completely reverses the CoC order of salvation:
They heard → believed → received the Spirit → spoke in tongues → then were baptized in water.
That order is not only possible, it is divinely approved and recorded as a model.
Summary Table - Cornelius vs. CoC Doctrine
| Church of Christ Teaching | Biblical Fact (Acts 10) |
|---|---|
| Spirit baptism happened only in Acts 2 | Acts 10:44 — Spirit baptism happened again |
| The Spirit comes only after water baptism | Cornelius received the Spirit before water |
| Tongues are no longer for today | Tongues occurred without apostolic laying on of hands |
| Spirit baptism is only for Jews or apostles | Cornelius was a Gentile, not an apostle |
| The Spirit only seals now, no power | The Spirit was “poured out” and produced tongues |
Reinforced by Peter’s Own Interpretation (Acts 15)
Acts 15:8-9 (KJV)
8. “And God, which knoweth the hearts, bare them witness, giving them the Holy Ghost, even as he did unto us;
9. And put no difference between us and them, purifying their hearts by faith.”
Peter confirms: God gave the Gentiles the Holy Spirit just like at Pentecost.
Their hearts were purified by faith, not baptism.
CoC says baptism purifies.
Peter says faith did - and it happened before water.
Conclusion (Part 2 Summary)
The story of Cornelius destroys the Church of Christ position. It proves:
• Spirit baptism is still active after Acts 2
• It is not tied to water baptism
• It includes supernatural signs like tongues
• It was given to Gentiles, not just Jews or apostles
• It happened entirely by faith, not sacraments
In short, Acts 10 is a deathblow to baptismal regeneration and CoC cessationism.
Question for COC
If water is necessary for salvation, why did God pour out the Spirit and confirm Gentile salvation before Peter even mentioned baptism?
Clarifying the Role of Tongues - Evidence, Not Requirement
While Acts shows that tongues followed Spirit baptism in some cases (Acts 2, 10, 19), they are not the universal proof of salvation.
1 Corinthians 12:30 (KJV) — “Have all the gifts of healing? do all speak with tongues? do all interpret?”
Paul’s answer is clearly no. Not all believers speak in tongues — not then, not now.
Biblical Pattern:
*Acts 2, 10, 19: Tongues accompanied Spirit baptism — mainly for Jew, Samaritan, and Gentile inclusion
*Purpose: To show that the same Spirit was given to all groups (cf. Acts 11:15–17)
Tongues served as evidence, not a formula:
*Cornelius: Tongues proved he already had the Spirit before water (Acts 10:46–47)
*Samaritans: No tongues mentioned; Spirit came by laying on of hands (Acts 8:17)
Conclusion: Spirit baptism is not always accompanied by tongues.
They were a sign, not a requirement or means of proving salvation.
Part 3: Acts 19 - Spirit Baptism Was Not Limited to Apostles or Pentecost
Acts 19:1-6 (KJV) - Spirit Baptism with Power During Paul’s Ministry
And it came to pass, that, while Apollos was at Corinth, Paul having passed through the upper coasts came to Ephesus: and finding certain disciples,
He said unto them, Have ye received the Holy Ghost since ye believed? And they said unto him, We have not so much as heard whether there be any Holy Ghost.
And he said unto them, Unto what then were ye baptized? And they said, Unto John's baptism.
Then said Paul, John verily baptized with the baptism of repentance, saying unto the people, that they should believe on him which should come after him, that is, on Christ Jesus.
When they heard this, they were baptized in the name of the Lord Jesus.
And when Paul had laid his hands upon them, the Holy Ghost came on them; and they spake with tongues, and prophesied.
Paul asks, “Have ye received the Holy Ghost since ye believed?” (Acts 19:2).
If Spirit baptism happens at the moment of water baptism, this question makes no sense.
Paul would have asked, “Were you baptized properly?”
But he didn’t he asked about the Spirit.
This proves Spirit baptism is distinct and visible, not automatically tied to immersion.
Key Observations That Refute Church of Christ Doctrine
1. They Only Knew John’s Baptism - A Pre-Messianic Ritual
These men had not heard the full gospel. John’s baptism was preparatory, not Spirit-imparting (Luke 3:3–4).
CoC insists all NT water baptism brings the Spirit.
Refuted:
It is dependent on the gospel being believed - not the ritual.
If water baptism alone guaranteed the Spirt, then Johns baptism would have been sufficient but it wasn’t.
Paul had to re-preach Christ. He had to tell them the Gospel. They missed it.
2. They Had Never Heard of the Holy Ghost
“We have not so much as heard whether there be any Holy Ghost.” (v. 2)
They had no knowledge of Pentecost or Christ’s teachings - meaning they were not yet saved.
3. Paul Preached Jesus - THEN They Believed and Were Re-Baptized
“When they heard this, they were baptized in the name of the Lord Jesus.” (v. 5)
True baptism follows faith in the risen Christ - not incomplete understanding.
This re-baptism was not for show. It proves that the content of faith matters.
Faith in the coming Messiah was not enough after the resurrection it had to be faith in the crucified and risen Jesus.
4. Spirit Baptism Came After Faith and Water Baptism
“When Paul had laid his hands upon them, the Holy Ghost came on them...” (v. 6)
Sequence: Believe → Water Baptism → Spirit Baptism (with tongues and prophecy)
CoC says Spirit comes at water baptism
Refuted: Acts 19 shows otherwise - Spirit came after, by apostolic laying on
If water automatically gave the Spirit, Paul would not have needed to lay hands or ask if they had received it.
5. This Took Place Decades After Pentecost
Acts 19 happened ~20 years after Acts 2. Yet Spirit baptism with power continued.
CoC teaches gifts and Spirit baptism ceased with the apostles
But this proves it didn’t
This event proves Spirit baptism was not a one-time “launch” at Pentecost it was ongoing throughout the Church Age.
6. Spirit Baptism Was for Non-Apostolic Converts
These were not apostles. They were ordinary former disciples of John.
Spirit baptism was not limited to church leaders
7. Spirit Baptism Was Distinct from Water Baptism
“They were baptized… then the Holy Ghost came on them...” (vv. 5–6)
Water did not automatically impart the Spirit. Spirit baptism was separate and powerful.
CoC equates Spirit baptism with water
Acts 19 shows them as separate experiences
This directly refutes the CoC position that being baptized in water equals being “baptized into Christ.”
Spirit baptism is not a symbol it is real, experiential, and observable.
8. Tongues and Prophecy Were Still Active
“They spake with tongues, and prophesied.” (v. 6)
Supernatural gifts continued — not limited to Acts 2 or apostles.
CoC says tongues have ceased
Paul expected gifts and they appeared.
This means Spirit baptism is not a “seal only” event.
It came with power, gifts, and manifestations.
9. Paul Asked: “Have Ye Received the Holy Ghost Since Ye Believed?”
This proves Spirit baptism is not automatic, invisible, or symbolic.
If it happened at salvation, Paul wouldn’t have needed to ask.
Paul expected a recognizable, experiential baptism in the Spirit
Note: Paul didn’t say, “You already got the Spirit when you believed or were baptized.”
He expected a visible, knowable experience of the Holy Ghost and he acted when he didn’t see it.
Summary Chart - Church of Christ vs. Acts 19
| Church of Christ Claim | Refuted by Acts 19 |
|---|---|
| Spirit baptism ended after Acts 2 and 10 | Spirit baptism happened again in Acts 19 — decades later |
| Only apostles received Spirit baptism | These were unknown disciples, not apostles |
| Spirit baptism = water baptism | Clearly separated — water first, Spirit later |
| The Spirit only seals today | Tongues and prophecy followed Spirit baptism |
| Gifts ceased after the apostolic age | Paul expected them — and they manifested |
Conclusion (Part 3 Summary)
Acts 19 proves:
• Spirit baptism is distinct from water baptism
• It includes supernatural gifts like tongues and prophecy
• It was not restricted to apostles
• It continued during Paul’s ministry, long after Pentecost
• Paul expected it to be recognizable and experiential
Paul’s question, “Have ye received the Holy Ghost since ye believed?”
This shatters the Church of Christ framework.
Spirit baptism is not automatic, not symbolic, and not extinct.
It is essential, ongoing, and visibly empowering - and cannot be replaced by ritual water baptism.
Part 4: Joel’s Prophecy — The Outpouring Is for All Flesh in the Last Days
Acts 2:16–18 (KJV)
But this is that which was spoken by the prophet Joel;
And it shall come to pass in the last days, saith God, I will pour out of my Spirit upon all flesh:
And your sons and your daughters shall prophesy, and your young men shall see visions, and your old men shall dream dreams:
And on my servants and on my handmaidens I will pour out in those days of my Spirit; and they shall prophesy.
Joel said, “In the last days… I will pour out of my Spirit upon all flesh.”
Peter quoted this in Acts 2:16–18 and said it was beginning at Pentecost, not ending. If the last days are still ongoing (2 Tim 3:1, Heb 1:2), then so is the outpouring of the Spirit.
The Church of Christ cannot claim the gifts ended if Joel’s timeline hasn’t.
Key Points That Debunk Church of Christ Cessationism
1. “This is That” — Peter Declares Joel’s Prophecy is Being Fulfilled
Peter directly links the Pentecost outpouring to Joel 2.
He says: “This is that which was spoken by the prophet Joel” not a one-time event, but the beginning of an era.
CoC Claim: Pentecost was a closed event.
Truth: Peter introduces an ongoing outpouring that spans the “last days.”
If Joel’s prophecy began in Acts 2 and was not fulfilled in totality that day, then cessationism contradicts Peter’s inspired explanation.
2. “In the Last Days” Still Ongoing
Joel says, “It shall come to pass in the last days…”
This phrase refers to an extended time period, not a single day.
Scriptural Proof:
• Peter: AD 33 — “last days” (Acts 2)
• Paul: “In the last days perilous times shall come” (2 Tim 3:1)
• Hebrews 1:2 — “Hath in these last days spoken unto us…”
Conclusion: We are still in the last days; therefore, the outpouring continues.
Some may claim “last days” ended with the apostles.
But Peter and Paul both use present tense decades apart. No verse ever says “the last days ended.”
3. “All Flesh” — Not Just Apostles
Joel says, “I will pour out of my Spirit upon all flesh…”
Includes sons, daughters, young, old, servants, and handmaidens - crossing gender, age, and class boundaries.
CoC Claim: Spirit baptism was limited to apostles or Acts 10.
Truth: Joel’s vision was for all people — not a select few.
“All flesh” cannot be redefined as “just Jews” or “just first-century believers.”
The prophecy spans all categories of humanity and all time unless you cut the verse in half.
4. “They Shall Prophesy” A Supernatural Result
Joel links the Spirit’s outpouring to visible supernatural experiences, prophecy, dreams, and visions.
Not simply “sealing” or internal change, but outward, spiritual manifestations.
CoC denies these gifts today.
Peter quotes Joel as describing the new normal for Spirit-filled believers.
The prophecy wasn’t fully fulfilled in Acts 2.
That’s the point, it began there, and continues as long as the last days do
Scriptural Chain Proving Continuation of Joel’s Prophecy
| 📖 Scripture | 🔍 What It Teaches |
|---|---|
| Joel 2:28–29 | Spirit poured on all flesh; prophecy, dreams, and visions expected |
| Acts 2:16–18 | Peter: “This is that” — the prophecy has begun |
| Acts 2:39 | The promise is to all generations who are called — no expiration |
| 2 Timothy 3:1 | Paul confirms “the last days” were still ongoing |
| Hebrews 1:2 | “In these last days” — present tense applied to Christ’s time |
| James 5:17 | Elijah cited as a model of miraculous prayer in the church age |
Comparison Chart: CoC Teaching vs. Biblical Reality (Joel 2 / Acts 2)
| Church of Christ Teaching | Biblical Reality |
|---|---|
| Spirit baptism ceased with apostles | Joel says Spirit would be poured on all flesh; Peter says “This is that” |
| Only apostles and Cornelius received Spirit supernaturally | Joel includes sons, daughters, servants, old and young — all types of people |
| Supernatural signs have ceased | Joel explicitly mentions tongues, prophecy, dreams, and visions |
| “Last days” refer only to apostolic era | Paul and Hebrews confirm we’re still in the last days today |
Conclusion (Part 4 Summary)
Peter’s citation of Joel 2 proves:
• Spirit baptism began at Pentecost but did not end there
• Supernatural gifts were part of God’s ongoing plan
• The “last days” are still ongoing — so is the outpouring
Final Blow: If we are still in the last days, then Joel’s prophecy is still active.
If the Spirit was promised to “all flesh,” the Church of Christ cannot limit it to twelve men in Jerusalem.
“If Joel’s prophecy was fulfilled entirely at Pentecost, where’s the record of old men dreaming dreams and handmaids prophesying in Acts 2?
Why does Peter say 'this is that' - not 'this was that and is now finished'?”
Part 5: The Gift of the Holy Spirit Is the Mark of Sonship — Not Just a Temporary Sign
Romans 8:9, 14–16 (KJV)
But ye are not in the flesh, but in the Spirit, if so be that the Spirit of God dwell in you.
Now if any man have not the Spirit of Christ, he is none of his.
For as many as are led by the Spirit of God, they are the sons of God.
For ye have not received the spirit of bondage again to fear; but ye have received the Spirit of adoption, whereby we cry, Abba, Father.
The Spirit itself beareth witness with our spirit, that we are the children of God.
Romans 8:9 is decisive “If any man have not the Spirit of Christ, he is none of his.”
CoC teaches that people become saved at water baptism and may or may not have the Spirit. But Paul says no Spirit = no salvation.
Cornelius received the Spirit before baptism, meaning he was already saved.
Key Points That Debunk Church of Christ Theology
1. You Are Not Christ’s Without the Spirit
“If any man have not the Spirit of Christ, he is none of his.” (Romans 8:9)
This statement alone crushes the CoC claim that the Spirit is non-essential.
CoC says water saves.
Paul says no Holy Spirit = not saved.
Acts 10:44–48 proves that Cornelius received the Holy Spirit before being baptized in water. If Romans 8:9 is true (and it is), then Cornelius was already “Christ’s” before his baptism proving Spirit baptism occurs at faith, not in the water.
The CoC must explain how Cornelius had the Spirit before immersion if baptism is required to receive Him.
The only consistent view is that the Spirit is received apart from water, by faith alone.
2. The Spirit Bears Witness - That’s Supernatural
“The Spirit itself beareth witness with our spirit…” (Romans 8:16)
Romans 8:15–16 says the Spirit cries within us, “Abba, Father.”
This is not a silent seal. It’s evidence of sonship.
Church of Christ tells people to look back at their baptism for proof of salvation.
Paul says, look inward if the Spirit lives in you, that’s your assurance.
This is not intellectual agreement. It is living testimony inside the believer.
CoC sees the Spirit as a silent seal.
But Paul says the Spirit actively confirms sonship.
This inner testimony is relational, invisible, and spiritual not a result of external obedience or ritual.
Assurance is not based on baptism, but on the Spirit’s living presence in the heart.
CoC theology teaches you know you’re saved by remembering the day you were baptized.
But Paul teaches you know you’re saved because the Spirit of Christ is crying out within you.
3. Spirit Baptism = Adoption into God’s Family
“Ye have received the Spirit of adoption…” (Romans 8:15)
Adoption is accomplished by the Spirit — not water, not ceremony.
CoC treats baptism as adoption.
Paul says adoption comes by the Spirit.
Galatians 4:6 supports this truth: “God hath sent forth the Spirit of his Son into your hearts, crying, Abba, Father.”
The moment of adoption isn’t when you get in the water it’s when you receive the Spirit by faith.
4. Sons of God Are Led by the Spirit
“As many as are led by the Spirit of God, they are the sons of God.” (Romans 8:14)
This describes a relationship — not a symbolic ritual.
CoC minimizes or denies Spirit guidance.
Paul says Spirit leading is the mark of sonship.
You cannot be a son of God if you are not led by His Spirit.
But according to CoC doctrine, a person can be “in Christ” without any Spirit-leading at all which contradicts Romans 8 entirely.
Galatians 3:14 (KJV)
“That the blessing of Abraham might come on the Gentiles through Jesus Christ; that we might receive the promise of the Spirit through faith.”
The promise of the Spirit comes by faith - not by water or ritual.
Galatians 4:6 (KJV)
“And because ye are sons, God hath sent forth the Spirit of his Son into your hearts, crying, Abba, Father.”
The Spirit speaks, cries, and communes — not a cold seal, but a living relationship.
This is experiential language. The Spirit does not simply “mark” you for God; He dwells in you, interacts with you, and gives you the inward cry of a child calling on their Father.
Theology Summary Chart
| Church of Christ Claim | Biblical Truth |
|---|---|
| Spirit baptism was a rare apostolic gift that ceased | Romans 8:9 — No Spirit = not Christ’s |
| You can belong to Christ without supernatural experience | Romans 8:16 — Spirit bears witness that we are God’s children |
| The Holy Spirit is just a seal | Galatians 4:6 — Spirit cries out within us |
| Spirit baptism isn’t for all believers | Galatians 3:14 — Promise of the Spirit is for all through faith |
Additional Reinforcement Verses
1 Corinthians 6:19 - “What? know ye not that your body is the temple of the Holy Ghost which is in you…?”
Ephesians 3:16–17 — That ye may be “strengthened with might by his Spirit in the inner man.”
Titus 3:5–6 — The Holy Ghost is “shed on us abundantly.”
The phrase “shed on us abundantly” in Titus 3:6 uses the same Greek verb as Acts 2:33 (“shed forth this”).
Paul is describing the continuation of the Pentecostal outpouring, not a new, dry symbolic event.
These are relational, supernatural, and ongoing experiences. There is no biblical room for a theology that teaches the Spirit is silent, absent, or tied to water.
These are experiential terms — not symbolic or sealed-only theology.
Conclusion (Part 5 Summary)
The Church of Christ fails to:
• Grasp that the Spirit is not optional — He is essential for salvation (Rom 8:9)
• Understand that adoption comes by the Spirit, not water
• Accept that the Spirit actively testifies, leads, and empowers
• Recognize that every true believer is indwelt and confirmed by the Spirit
Without the Spirit, one is “none of His” (Romans 8:9)
That single verse refutes the entire Church of Christ theology regarding Spirit baptism.
Part 6: Ephesians 1 & 2 — Spirit Baptism Unites All Believers into One Body
Ephesians 1:13–14 (KJV)
In whom ye also trusted, after that ye heard the word of truth, the gospel of your salvation:
In whom also after that ye believed, ye were sealed with that holy Spirit of promise,
Which is the earnest of our inheritance until the redemption of the purchased possession, unto the praise of his glory.
Ephesians 1:13 says, “After that ye believed, ye were sealed with that holy Spirit of promise.” No mention of water baptism.
If water were the moment of sealing, Paul would say so especially since these believers had just been re-baptized in Acts 19.
But he says faith came first, then sealing.
1 Cor 12:13 says, “By one Spirit are we all baptized into one body.” That’s not talking about immersion in water.
The verb is passive, meaning the Spirit is the one doing the baptizing.
CoC says water baptism puts you into Christ. Paul says the Spirit does.
Key Observations That Refute Church of Christ Doctrine
1. The Spirit Was Given “After Ye Believed” No Mention of Water
The Ephesians believed the gospel and were sealed with the Spirit. There is no mention of water baptism at all.
CoC says water brings the Spirit.
Paul says belief brings the Spirit — not ritual.
This verse completely destroys the idea that Spirit baptism and water baptism are synonymous.
The Ephesians received the Spirit after faith, with no mention of a preacher, ceremony, or immersion.
If water baptism were required for sealing, Paul would have said “after that ye were baptized.” But he didn’t because it’s not.
2. The Spirit Is Called “The Holy Spirit of Promise”
This links back to Acts 2:38–39 — the promise of the Holy Ghost.
Paul applies that same promise to Gentile believers in Ephesus decades later.
CoC limits Acts 2:39 to the first century.
Paul applies the promise to ongoing church life.
“Promise” in Ephesians 1:13 = same Greek word (ἐπαγγελία / epangelia) used in Acts 2:39.
This proves the Acts 2 promise wasn't limited to that day. It's still being fulfilled in the Gentile church.
If the CoC says the promise in Acts 2:39 was fulfilled and ended, then Paul is wrong for applying it in the 60s AD. That would be a contradiction in their system but not in Scripture.
3. The Holy Spirit Is the “Earnest” (Down Payment) of Our Inheritance
“Which is the earnest of our inheritance…” (v.14)
Greek: arrabōn — deposit, guarantee.
The Spirit is God's pledge of eternal inheritance. No Spirit = no inheritance.
CoC downplays the role of the Spirit.
Paul says the Spirit is central to salvation security.
If water baptism were what guaranteed our inheritance, Paul would have said so. But he doesn’t.
He says the Spirit is the guarantee, and He comes after belief.
The CoC cannot explain how the “earnest of our inheritance” would ever be optional, silent, or absent for post-apostolic believers.
Ephesians 2:18–22 (KJV)
For through him we both have access by one Spirit unto the Father.
Now therefore ye are no more strangers and foreigners, but fellowcitizens with the saints, and of the household of God;
And are built upon the foundation of the apostles and prophets, Jesus Christ himself being the chief corner stone;
In whom all the building fitly framed together groweth unto an holy temple in the Lord:
In whom ye also are builded together for an habitation of God through the Spirit.
Key Insights That Destroy Church of Christ Claims
4. “Access by One Spirit” - Not by One Baptismal Formula
We have access to God through the Spirit - not through a water ritual.
CoC emphasizes water obedience.
Paul emphasizes Spirit access to the Father.
“Access” (prosagōgē in Greek) means free entrance - this is real-time spiritual interaction, not ceremonial permission granted by immersion. The CoC reduces relationship to a ritual; Paul lifts it to a spiritual reality.
If water grants access, then why does Paul say it’s the Spirit who does that?
The CoC cannot harmonize this with their system.
5. “Built Together for a Habitation of God Through the Spirit”
The Church is God's dwelling, and the Spirit is how that happens.
CoC Teaching: Spirit baptism was a one-time apostolic miracle.
Paul Teaches: Spirit baptism is ongoing and builds the Church.
This phrase “habitation of God through the Spirit” means the entire Church Age depends on Spirit baptism.
If it ceased, then God stopped indwelling His Church, which contradicts the entire book of Ephesians.
If Spirit baptism ceased, then God is no longer building His temple.
6. Unity Comes by Spirit Baptism, Not Water
1 Corinthians 12:13 (KJV)
“For by one Spirit are we all baptized into one body, whether we be Jews or Gentiles…”
This is Spirit baptism placing believers into Christ’s body. Paul never mentions water.
CoC says water unites you with Christ.
Scripture says the Spirit does that work.
The Greek verb for “baptized” here (ebaptisthēmen) is passive - we were baptized by the Spirit, not by a preacher.
It’s the Holy Spirit placing us into Christ, not man putting us into water.
The CoC must explain how water can do what Paul says only the Spirit does - and they can’t.
Summary Comparison Chart
| Church of Christ Claim | Biblical Truth from Ephesians & 1 Corinthians |
|---|---|
| Water baptism unites people into Christ’s body | 1 Cor 12:13 - Spirit baptism places us into the body |
| Spirit baptism was a one-time apostolic event | Eph 2:18–22 - Spirit continues to build the Church |
| Spirit sealing happens during baptism | Eph 1:13 - Spirit comes after belief; no water mentioned |
| The Spirit is symbolic only | Spirit is the access, builder, and habitation of God |
Conclusion (Part 6 Summary)
The Holy Spirit is the active unifier of the Church:
• He places believers into Christ’s body (not water)
• He seals after belief (not after ritual)
• He builds the Church and gives access to the Father
CoC theology fails to recognize:
• That Spirit baptism is essential, not symbolic
• That unity in Christ comes by Spirit, not water
• That the Spirit’s work continues long after Pentecost
Without Spirit baptism, there is no unity, no access, and no inheritance.
No honest reading of Ephesians allows for Spirit baptism to be reduced to a symbolic first-century ritual.
It is God’s ongoing means of building, sealing, uniting, and indwelling His people.
Part 7: Paul’s Rebuke to the Galatians - Did You Receive the Spirit by Works or by Faith?
Galatians 3:1–3 (KJV)
O foolish Galatians, who hath bewitched you, that ye should not obey the truth, before whose eyes Jesus Christ hath been evidently set forth, crucified among you?
This only would I learn of you, Received ye the Spirit by the works of the law, or by the hearing of faith?
Are ye so foolish? having begun in the Spirit, are ye now made perfect by the flesh?
Paul’s Core Argument
Paul directly asks: “How did you receive the Spirit?” He gives only two options:
A. By works (law/ritual)
B. By hearing of faith
His answer is clear: by faith alone - not ritual obedience.
1. Paul Pits Spirit Reception Against Works
“Received ye the Spirit by the works of the law, or by the hearing of faith?” (Gal 3:2)
CoC teaches: The Spirit is received after water baptism.
Paul teaches: The Spirit is received through faith alone.
Galatians 3:2 “Received ye the Spirit by the works of the law, or by the hearing of faith?”
Paul gives only two choices: faith or works.
Where is baptism? It’s excluded. If baptism were the cause of receiving the Spirit, this would be the place to say it.
Paul doesn’t - because faith alone is what brings the Spirit.
Baptism is a work of righteousness (Matt 3:15) - not a channel of the Spirit.
CoC Claims: “Paul is only refuting Mosaic Law, not baptism.”
This is Wrong.
Paul’s entire contrast is between any form of human effort vs. hearing of faith.
Baptism, while not Mosaic, still qualifies as a ritual work.
Galatians 5:4 applies it broadly: “Ye are fallen from grace” if you return to any works.
2. “You Began in the Spirit” - Not in the Water
“Having begun in the Spirit, are ye now made perfect by the flesh?” (Gal 3:3)
Paul doesn’t say, “You began in water.” He says, “You began in the Spirit.”
This undermines the CoC claim that baptism begins the Christian life.
CoC Claims: “Spirit and baptism were simultaneous at conversion.”
If this were true, Paul would’ve at least mentioned water baptism here.
But he didn’t. He singles out faith as the only factor, omitting baptism entirely.
Proving it is not the basis of beginning the Christian life.
3. Spirit Reception Is the Starting Point of the Christian Life
Romans 8:9 - No Spirit = no salvation
Galatians 3:14 - “That we might receive the promise of the Spirit through faith.”
Conclusion: Faith alone secures the Spirit.
CoC adds baptismal works to the equation.
4. Galatians Received the Spirit Before Any Mention of Water
Paul never mentions baptism in this context.
He contrasts faith vs. works - not rituals.
Throughout Galatians:
• Justification = by faith
• Spirit = by faith
• Sonship = by faith
CoC contradicts all of these.
CoC Claim:
“Just because baptism isn’t mentioned doesn’t mean it wasn’t practiced.”
This is Correct but Paul is making an argument from experience.
If water baptism were essential to receiving the Spirit, he would have said: “Did you receive the Spirit after you were baptized?”
Instead, he intentionally excludes baptism to emphasize faith as the sole condition.
5. Paul Uses Their Spirit Experience as Proof of Salvation
Galatians 3:5 (KJV) — “He therefore that ministereth to you the Spirit, and worketh miracles among you, doeth he it by the works of the law, or by the hearing of faith?”
Paul appeals to their spiritual experience — not to their baptism record.
If CoC were correct, Paul would’ve asked: “Did you receive the Spirit through baptism?”
Instead, he asks: “Was it by hearing of faith?”
CoC Response: “But Acts 2:38 links baptism to receiving the Spirit!”
Then why didn’t Paul repeat that here?
Galatians was written decades after Acts.
If baptism were required, this would be the place to say so.
Instead, Paul dismantles that idea by drawing the contrast between law/works/ritual and faith alone.
Supporting Chain of Proof
| 📖 Verse | 🔍 What It Proves |
|---|---|
| Gal 3:2 | Spirit is received by faith, not works or ritual |
| Gal 3:3 | Salvation begins with the Spirit — not water |
| Gal 3:5 | Miracles and Spirit were received through faith |
| Gal 3:14 | The Spirit is the promise received through faith |
| Ephesians 1:13 | Belief comes first → then sealing with the Spirit |
Comparison Table
| Church of Christ View | Biblical Correction (Galatians 3) |
|---|---|
| Spirit comes after water obedience | Spirit comes by faith, not by ritual |
| Baptism initiates the Christian life | “Having begun in the Spirit…” (Gal 3:3) |
| Faith + obedience + baptism = salvation | “O foolish Galatians… hearing of faith” alone |
| Experience doesn’t matter, only submission | Paul appeals to their Spirit experience as proof |
Conclusion (Part 7 Summary)
Paul rebukes the Galatians for replacing faith with works — the same error the Church of Christ commits today.
If Paul were CoC, he’d say: “Did you receive the Spirit after baptism?”
But he didn’t.
He said: “Did you receive the Spirit by the works of the law or by the hearing of faith?”
That one question destroys the entire CoC doctrine on Spirit baptism.
Acts 22:16 – Refuting the CoC’s Use of Ananias’s Command
Acts 22:16 (KJV) — “And now why tarriest thou? arise, and be baptized, and wash away thy sins, calling on the name of the Lord.”
This is a favorite CoC proof-text, but when analyzed grammatically and contextually, it does not support baptismal regeneration.
Greek Grammar:
*The verb “wash away” (ἀπόλουσαι – apolousai) is aorist middle imperative
The participle “calling on” (ἐπικαλεσάμενος – epikalesamenos) is aorist middle participle
Implication: The participle modifies the verb:
“...having called on the name of the Lord” - showing that calling preceded the command to be baptized.
Paul had already believed and called on Jesus back in Acts 9:5–6 (he says “Lord” multiple times and submits to Him).
Ananias is not saying “get baptized to get saved,” but rather:
“Now that you have believed, why delay?
Be baptized to show your faith and begin your mission.”
Paul was already saved:
*Called “Brother Saul” (Acts 9:17)
*Had seen the risen Lord (Acts 22:14)
*Was already appointed (Acts 9:15; 22:14–15)
*Was praying (Acts 9:11)
*Had received the Spirit (Acts 9:17)
Conclusion: Acts 22:16 uses symbolic language tied to the outward sign of an inward cleansing.
The grammar and context show that the washing was associated with calling on the Lord, not the water itself.
Part 8: Cornelius Received the Spirit Before Baptism (Acts 10)
Acts 10:43–48 (KJV)
To him give all the prophets witness, that through his name whosoever believeth in him shall receive remission of sins.
While Peter yet spake these words, the Holy Ghost fell on all them which heard the word.
And they of the circumcision which believed were astonished…
For they heard them speak with tongues, and magnify God.
Then answered Peter,
Can any man forbid water, that these should not be baptized, which have received the Holy Ghost as well as we?
Acts 10:44 - The Holy Ghost fell on them while Peter was preaching, before water, before hands, before any ritual.
Peter later says in Acts 15:8–9 that God gave them the Spirit and “purified their hearts by faith.”
That means they were:
*Saved before water
*Forgiven by belief (Acts 10:43)
*Filled with the Spirit before being touched by man
*If CoC is right, none of this could have happened. But it did.
Key Observations That Devastate CoC Doctrine
1. The Spirit Fell Before Baptism
Acts 10:44 — “While Peter yet spake these words, the Holy Ghost fell on all them which heard the word.”
Chronology:
1. They heard → 2. Believed (v.43) → 3. Spirit fell (v.44) → 4. Tongues confirmed it (v.46) → 5. Baptism permitted (v.47)
CoC says water brings the Spirit.
Scripture shows Spirit came before water.
COC Claim:
“This was a special case, not the normal pattern.”
But Peter said it was “as on us at the beginning” (Acts 11:15) meaning this was the normal pattern: belief → Spirit → then water. No exception clause is ever given.
2. Peter Says They Had Already Received the Spirit
Acts 10:47 — “Which have received the Holy Ghost as well as we.”
Peter compares it to Pentecost - not future, not conditional - it had already happened.
Perfect tense = completed action. Not pending. Not partial.
COC Claim:
“They were saved but not forgiven yet. Water was still necessary.”
That contradicts Acts 10:43. “Whosoever believeth… shall receive remission of sins.” Forgiveness had already been received before any water touched them.
3. They Spoke in Tongues Before Baptism
“For they heard them speak with tongues…” (v.46)
Tongues confirmed Spirit baptism — before water.
CoC says Spirit comes after water.
Tongues came first - proving the Spirit had already come.
COC Response to this: “Tongues don’t prove salvation - just power.”
Peter disagrees! He used the tongues as proof they had received the Holy Ghost - which he equates to the baptism of the Spirit (Acts 11:16–17).
That was the reason he permitted water baptism.
4. Remission of Sins Was Preached as a Result of Belief
Acts 10:43 - “Whosoever believeth in him shall receive remission of sins.”
No mention of water. Forgiveness comes by belief alone.
CoC uses Acts 2:38 to claim baptism = forgiveness.
But Acts 10:43 says belief = forgiveness.
CoC response:
“But Acts 2:38 says remission comes through baptism.”
Both verses are true but Acts 10 shows how Acts 2:38 was fulfilled.
The forgiveness and Spirit came through belief, not ritual.
Peter's own interpretation of what he preached is that faith alone was sufficient (Verse 43).
He doesn’t contradict himself five verses later.
5. Baptism Was Only Permitted After the Spirit Came
Acts 10:47 - “Can any man forbid water…?”
Water followed Spirit - not to produce it, but because they had already received it.
Baptism was a response, not a requirement for Spirit reception.
CoC Response:
“Peter still commands baptism - that proves it’s salvific.”
Yes, baptism is commanded but not as a precondition for Spirit or salvation.
It was commanded because they were already saved.
You don’t forbid water to the unsaved - only to those already accepted by God (see Verse.47).
Related Verses That Reinforce This Pattern
Acts 11:15-17 (KJV)
“And as I began to speak, the Holy Ghost fell on them, as on us at the beginning.”
“God gave them the like gift as he did unto us…”
The Spirit came at the moment of belief.
Peter never connects it to water baptism.
CoC Response:
“Maybe they weren’t saved until the Spirit fell.”
That’s irrelevant to CoC doctrine - which requires water baptism for both Spirit and salvation.
Cornelius received both before touching water. This destroys the CoC claim either way.
Chain of Events
| Step | Action |
|---|---|
| 1 | Peter preaches that belief brings remission (v.43) |
| 2 | They believe while hearing — no baptism yet |
| 3 | The Holy Spirit falls on them (v.44) |
| 4 | Tongues confirm Spirit baptism (v.46) |
| 5 | Peter permits baptism (v.47–48) |
This chronology obliterates the CoC sequence of belief → water → Spirit → salvation.
CoC vs. Acts 10 Chart
| CoC Order | Acts 10 Order |
|---|---|
| Believe → Baptism → Remission → Spirit | Believe → Remission (v.43) → Spirit (v.44) → Tongues (v.46) → Baptism (v.48) |
Conclusion (Part 8 Summary)
The story of Cornelius proves:
• Spirit baptism happens at faith - not at water
• Tongues confirmed Spirit baptism before water
• Baptism was a result of salvation, not a condition for it
• Remission of sins came by belief alone (v.43)
If water baptism were essential for Spirit reception or salvation, Acts 10 would be impossible.
Part 9: The Book of Acts Shows a Consistent Pattern - Spirit Baptism Was
Church of Christ says Spirit reception happens through water baptism. But in Acts:
*Some receive the Spirit before water (Acts 10)
*Some receive it after hands (Acts 8, 19)
*Some receive it instantly with belief (Acts 2)
*What’s consistent? Faith.
What’s inconsistent? Water, hands, timing. Therefore, faith alone is the cause.
All other elements are secondary.
Objective:
To refute the Church of Christ claim that Spirit baptism was limited to the Apostles or early Jewish converts and that water baptism causes salvation or union with Christ.
This section proves from Acts 2, 8, 10, 11, and 19 that Spirit baptism occurred consistently — without water being the cause - and it was for all believers.
Laying the Foundation – Acts 2
Key Passages: Acts 2:1-4, 16-18, 33, 38-39
The Holy Spirit was poured out without any mention of water baptism.
Peter declared: “This is that which was spoken by the prophet Joel…” - showing fulfillment of prophecy.
“The promise is unto you, and to your children, and to all that are afar off…” (v.39)
✔️ Spirit baptism was not for the Twelve only - it was for all believers present at Pentecost.
✔️ Joel's prophecy included men, women, young, old, servants, handmaidens - universal application.
CoC Response:
“Only the Apostles spoke in tongues in Acts 2 - so the Spirit was only for them.”
Joel’s prophecy applied to “all flesh” (Acts 2:17).
In Acts 2:4, “they were all filled with the Holy Ghost.”
The 120 disciples in the upper room (Acts 1:15)
It wasn't just the 12 - were the recipients.
Acts 8 – Spirit Falls on Samaritan Believers
Acts 8:12–17 -
The Samaritans believed and were water baptized, but the Spirit did not come until Peter and John laid hands on them.
This contradicts CoC teaching that Spirit comes automatically with baptism.
God sovereignly delayed the Spirit to show that Samaritans were not second-class citizens in the Kingdom.
✔️ Spirit baptism is distinct from water and came after faith - not because of the water.
CoC Response:
“Laying on of hands was part of the baptismal process.”
That’s never taught in Acts. If water was enough, why did they need Apostolic mediation?
This proves water does not cause Spirit baptism.
CoC Response:
“This was a special moment in redemptive history.”
Yes - but it proves the two baptisms are separate. Special case or not, CoC doctrine collapses if water does not equal Spirit even once.
Acts 10 – Spirit Falls on Gentiles Before Baptism
Cornelius and his household received the Spirit while Peter preached.
This happened before water baptism.
Peter said: “Can any man forbid water, that these should not be baptized, which have received the Holy Ghost as well as we?”
CoC claims water baptism causes Spirit reception.
Acts 10 proves the opposite - Spirit came first, before water.
✔️ Spirit baptism came by faith in Jesus (v.43), not by ritual.
CoC Response:
“This was a special Gentile Pentecost - not the norm.”
Peter disagreed - he said it happened “as on us at the beginning” (Acts 11:15).
This is the norm. The same gift. The same pattern. The same God.
Acts 11 – Peter Confirms the Pattern
Acts 11:15–17 - Peter recounts the Acts 10 event:
“The Holy Ghost fell on them, as on us at the beginning.”
“God gave them the like gift as he did unto us…”
✔️ Spirit baptism came by faith, without water or apostolic hands.
This was not an exception - it was the standard.
CoC Response:
“Peter didn’t say they were saved before baptism.”
He said they had the same gift as Pentecost.
If they weren’t saved, then neither were the Apostles!
The “gift” of the Spirit is a sign of salvation (Acts 15:8–9, Romans 8:9).
Acts 19 – Disciples Re-Baptized After Hearing the Gospel
Acts 19:1–7 - These disciples had only known John’s baptism and had never heard of the Holy Spirit.
Paul preaches Jesus to them, baptizes them in His name, and then lays hands - they receive the Spirit.
Why re-baptize? Because they weren’t believers before - they had not heard the full gospel.
Their water baptism followed new saving faith - not part of Spirit baptism.
CoC Response:
“This proves water + hands = Spirit.”
No. Spirit came after belief in Christ, not after ritual perfection.
They were never believers in the first place - they were John’s disciples.
Once they believed the true gospel, the Spirit came.
Summary Chart – Spirit Baptism in Acts
Passage |
People Group |
When Spirit Came |
Before or After Water? |
Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Acts 2 |
Jews |
While hearing & believing |
No water at all |
Fulfillment of Joel’s prophecy |
Acts 8 |
Samaritans |
After belief & baptism |
After water |
By apostolic hands — not water |
Acts 10 |
Gentiles |
While hearing & believing |
Before water |
Confirmed by tongues |
Acts 11 |
Peter explains Acts 10 |
Same as Acts 2 |
No water involved |
“The like gift” without ritual |
Acts 19 |
John’s disciples |
After belief in Jesus |
After second baptism |
Spirit came by laying on of hands |
CoC Response:
“This proves multiple methods for Spirit reception. So we must include baptism.”
No! What is consistent in all these accounts? Faith!
Water and hands are not consistent. That proves they’re not the cause.
Conclusion (Part 9 Summary)
The Book of Acts proves that Spirit baptism was:
✔️ For Jews, Samaritans, Gentiles, and former OT disciples
✔️ Not tied to water baptism in timing or causation
✔️ Based solely on faith in Christ
The Spirit fell when people believed - not when they were dunked in water.
CoC claims salvation = belief + water = Spirit.
Acts proves salvation = belief → Spirit → water (as a testimony only).
Part 10: Romans 6 - Baptized into Christ’s Death = Spiritual Baptism, Not Water
Romans 6:3–4 (KJV)
“Know ye not, that so many of us as were baptized into Jesus Christ were baptized into his death?
Therefore we are buried with him by baptism into death: that like as Christ was raised up from the dead by the glory of the Father, even so we also should walk in newness of life.”
Romans 6:3 says we were baptized into Jesus Christ and into His death.
CoC claims that’s water. But there is no water mentioned, and Paul never says a preacher did it.
Compare this to 1 Cor 12:13 - “By one Spirit are we all baptized into one body.”
This is Spirit baptism, not water ritual.
If Romans 6 meant immersion, Paul would be contradicting everything he wrote in Romans 3-5 - that justification is by faith alone without works.
Church of Christ Claim:
“See? You are baptized into Christ and into His death through water. Therefore, water baptism saves you.”
Total Refutation: Romans 6 Is Not Talking About Water
1. There’s No Water Anywhere in Romans 6
There is no mention of water or human administrators.
The agent is the Holy Spirit - not a preacher or ritual.
1 Corinthians 12:13
“For by one Spirit are we all baptized into one body…”
✔️ It’s the Spirit’s work, not water.
✔️ “Baptized into Jesus Christ” = spiritual union, not a water ceremony.
2. Paul Is Speaking to All Believers, Not Just Those Who Were Water Baptized
“So many of us as were baptized into Jesus Christ…” (v.3)
✔️ If this were water, then Paul’s statement excludes anyone who hadn’t undergone a ritual - contradicting Romans 8:9:
“If any man have not the Spirit of Christ, he is none of his.”
✔️ Union with Christ is by the Spirit, not a tank of water.
✔️ Spirit baptism places us into His death, burial, and resurrection.
3. What Is the Baptism Into Death?
“Baptized into his death… buried with him by baptism…” (vv.3–4)
This is not symbolic burial in a pool - it’s co-crucifixion with Christ.
Colossians 2:12 (KJV)
“Buried with him in baptism, wherein also ye are risen with him through the faith of the operation of God…”
✔️ Faith connects you with Christ’s death - not immersion.
4. Paul Says This Baptism Frees Us from Sin - But Water Can’t Do That
“Our old man is crucified with him…” (v.6)
Titus 3:5 (KJV)
“Not by works of righteousness which we have done, but according to his mercy he saved us, by the washing of regeneration, and renewing of the Holy Ghost…”
✔️ New life comes by regeneration - not ritual.
5. CoC Interpretation Creates a Works-Based Gospel
If Romans 6 teaches “belief + water = union with Christ,” then salvation is no longer by faith alone.
This contradicts:
Romans 3:28 - “Justified by faith without the deeds of the law”
Romans 4:5 - “To him that worketh not, but believeth…”
Romans 5:1 - “Being justified by faith…”
Ephesians 2:8–9 - “Not of works, lest any man should boast”
✔️ Water baptism would be a deed, a work - and Paul already ruled that out.
Side-by-Side Breakdown
| Church of Christ View | Biblical Truth (Romans 6 Context) |
|---|---|
| Baptism in Romans 6 = water | No water is mentioned; the agent is the Holy Spirit |
| Union with Christ comes through immersion | Union comes through faith and the Spirit |
| Water produces “newness of life” | Regeneration by the Spirit does (Titus 3:5) |
| All spiritual blessings come after water | All blessings come at faith (Eph. 1:3; Gal. 3:2–3) |
| Baptism kills the old man | The old man is crucified by the Spirit (Gal. 5:24) |
| Romans 6 teaches water saves | Romans 6 teaches Spirit baptism unites to Christ’s death |
Conclusion (Part 10 Summary)
Romans 6 does not teach water baptism places anyone into Christ. It teaches:
✔️ All believers are spiritually baptized into Christ’s death
✔️ This was done by the Holy Spirit - not a preacher or a pool
✔️ It occurred at the moment of faith - not during a ritual
To make Romans 6 teach salvation through water is to rewrite Paul’s entire gospel.
The CoC interpretation collapses under biblical scrutiny.
Spirit baptism glorifies grace and magnifies faith - not human effort.
John 3:5 - “Born of Water and of the Spirit” Is Not Baptism
John 3:5 (KJV) - “Except a man be born of water and of the Spirit, he cannot enter into the kingdom of God.”
CoC argues that “water” = baptism. But that misreads the context.
Immediate Context - John 3:6:
“That which is born of the flesh is flesh; and that which is born of the Spirit is spirit.”
“Born of water” = physical birth
*“Water” is used as a symbol of natural birth, just as “Spirit” refers to supernatural birth
*Nicodemus’s question in John 3:4 (“Can a man enter the second time into his mother’s womb?”) shows he’s thinking about physical birth
*Jesus answers by distinguishing natural birth vs. spiritual birth
Alternative View (Equally Biblical):
*Some interpret “water” as God’s Word (cf. Eph 5:26, “washing of water by the word”)
*Either way: no passage in John ever links water with baptism
If John 3:5 taught baptismal regeneration:
*Jesus would have said it clearly, like in John 3:16 (“whosoever believeth in him…”)
*Yet He never mentions baptism once in the entire chapter
Conclusion: John 3:5 speaks of two births (physical + spiritual), not water and baptism.
Jesus is contrasting flesh and Spirit, not commanding a ritual.
If the CoC is right:
*Then Cornelius was not saved when he received the Spirit, even though Peter says he was (Acts 11:17).
*Then Paul should have said “after you were baptized” instead of “after you believed” (Eph 1:13).
*Then the Galatians received the Spirit by works, when Paul says it was by faith alone (Gal 3:2).
*Then Peter was wrong to declare that the Acts 10 event was the same as Acts 2.
*Then Joel's “all flesh” must be redefined into “twelve men in Jerusalem.”
*These would amount to contradicting Scripture—which is impossible if the Bible is infallible.
So either:
The Church of Christ tradition is wrong, or
The Bible contradicts itself, which it doesn’t.